The rapid growth of urbanisation in contemporary era has increased the human need for open space. One of the most important principles of open space design is to pay attention to thermal comfort in order to improve the quality of space and satisfy users. Numerous factors affect the thermal comfort quality of open spaces including shading, one of the most important ones. This study investigates the effect of shade on students' thermal comfort at Shahrood University of Technology in Iran during the hot season. For this purpose, field studies were conducted including the measurement of major climatic parameters, as well as the evaluation of the thermal perception of students by using thermal comfort questionnaires at four types of location in campus (under plants shade, building shade, horizontal shading (canopy), and sunlight) simultaneously. The Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET) is used here as a thermal comfort index. The neutral PET value of 21. 9 °C and the maximum value in the PET comfort range of 26. 9 °C are obtained for this study. The results show that there is a significant relationship between the location and the thermal comfort. The plants shade creates an acceptable thermal environment with more than 80% user satisfaction. After that, the canopy and the building shade also provide environmental satisfaction for the majority of people, while the most uncomfortable condition is in the sunlight position. Shaded locations decrease the PET value and thermal stress on sunny days and increase comfort levels as well as comfort hours during the day. Therefore, it can be concluded that creating shade and blocking direct solar radiation using vegetation or building elements can significantly improve outdoor thermal comfort during the hot season.

Providing thermal comfort is one of the most important goals in building design, which accounts for a large amount of energy consumption. In-office buildings, thermal comfort has a significant impact on indoor quality and staff productivity. In many countries, several methods and standards have been proposed to determine the thermal comfort zone for air conditioning and naturally ventilated buildings. In Iran, the lack of appropriate standards defining thermal comfort zones determines the necessity of research in this field. The present paper aims to determine the thermal comfort range in Bushehr office buildings with natural ventilation. Environmental indices (temperature, humidity, wind speed) were measured through field studies using data loggers in the three days from 19 to 21 March while 180 questionnaires were answered simultaneously by users. Based on the results, 81. 1% of the subjects are comfortable with the overall thermal conditions. Using SPSS software, descriptive statis tics analysis was performed between measured data and individual responses. During the research time in March, the average temperature is 19 ° C and the relative humidity is 65%. In this way, the comfort range is calculated based on two proposed equations for thermal comfort in different cities of Iran and compared with field measurements. According to the results of high temperature, the comfort zone in Bushehr office spaces is 28. 6 degrees Celsius which is higher than the values from proposed equations for thermal comfort in Iran. There is a difference of 1. 13 degrees between the neutral temperatures obtained by the two methods. More than 79% of the people are satisfied with the flow of air while 63% of the moisture content is satisfied. This shows the greater importance of the airflow in creating a feeling of comfort on the amount of moisture. In the case of thermal preference, 40% of people do not want a change in temperature, and 51. 6% prefer small changes. In the case of humidity, 63. 2% of the moisture conditions are satisfied and their 45% tendency to no change in moisture conditions. While 47. 8% of people preferred modes t changes in humidity (slightly damp or slightly moist), 32. 4% prefer the environment without changing the airflow, and 52% prefer the air to more or more. Thus, despite the establishment of comfort conditions, the thermal preference for more than 36% of people is slightly lower and 17% less humidity and 52% more airflow. Regarding heat sensation and thermal preference, a suitable solution can be selected for flexible space design. The results of the questionnaires and the evaluation of behavioral parameters showed that the most important choice of the individuals to adapt to the thermal conditions is to stay in places with the possibility of wind flow. This issue shows the importance of the application of natural ventilation and its feasibility in space design. Therefore, to accurately determine the exact range of thermal comfort in Bushehr city, it is necessary to conduct extensive field study research in different seasons of the year in natural building ventilation buildings defining accurate thermal comfort zone.

According the close relationship between climate and tourism, tourism organizations should consider the bioclimatic potential of areas in future planning and designs. In this study, to recognize the potential of of tourism climate in Chabahar Free Zone, bioclimatic indices such as Terjung, Heat Index, humidex, stress, effective temperature and Baker were used.In this regard, meteorological data of Chabahar station that is located in the free zone, for the period 1981 to 2010 were used.The results showed that in the area, the months of January, February and December have the most climatic comfort for tourism and all models confirm the desirability of these months. According to most of the models, in this station the months of May, June and July have an unfavorable comfort conditions for tourists and travelling is not recommended during these months.

Introduction: Nursing is a profession that establishes various communications in a wide range of cultural and social differences in the work environment. COMFORT included putting together the initial letter of the words (communication, Orientation & opportunity, mindfulness, family, oversight, Reiterative and Radically Adaptive Messages, Team). The purpose of this research was to study the effect of COMFORT education on nurses’ attitudes towards communication skills. Methods: This study was pseudo-experimental with pre-test & post-test design that carried out on Jahrom University of medical sciences during the 2017. 60 nurses were selected through random sampling method and divided into two groups of test and control. For gathering data, communication skills attitude scale (CSAS) questionnaire was used in pre-test & post-test. One week after pre-test, two educational sessions of COMFORT performed, each one in 4 hours and then post-test was given. Data were analysed by co-varience test through SPSS. Results: Mean and standard deviation in pre-test of experimental group was (3. 69± 1. 34) and in control group was (3. 78± 0. 09) also, mean and standard deviation in post test of experimental and control group was (3. 44± 1. 04) and (4. 77± 0. 27) respectively. The findings indicated that COMFORT education has effect on changing of nurses’ attitudes towards communication skills, So that, %27 of Total Varience in changing nurses’ attitude towards communication skills related to COMFORT education. Conclusions: Considering effective role of COMFORT education in changing nurses’ attitude towards communication skills, training this course can be part of nurses' individual and professional development plans.

By looking at the traditional architecture of Iran and exploring it in any context we can discover mysteries and secrets which were the reasons for the success and survival of this architecture. While modern scientific developments in the climatic design field determine rules and regulations for providing comfort in any region, they do not consider physical and temperamental differences among people residing in different climates. While in the traditional architecture, the climatic rules for each region were shaped by the deep relation between the human population and the environment of the region. The main objective of the current study is to accurately assess the climatic-temperamental comfort level in traditional houses. Accordingly, four traditional houses in four different climates were selected and using EcoTech software application, the temperature in these traditional houses is analyzed and the Gioni chart method was analyzed for providing environmental comfort. Based on the findings about the studied houses, the conditions of the house provide a lower comfort level than Gioni comfort level and this is less because of technological shortages but more because of providing climatic-temperamental health temperature.

In order to study biozones of the Pabdeh Formation in the Northeast Kazerun, Murdak section was selected. In this section, Pabdeh Formation is mainly consists of marl, shale and marly limestone. The study of calcareous nannofossils led to the recognition of 70 species and 28 genera. According to the first and last occurrence of index species and assemblages fossil, the following biozones based on global standard zonations are identified: Discoaster multiradiatus Zone (NP9/ CNP11), Tribrachiatus contortus Zone (NP10/ CNE1-CNE2), Discoaster binodosus Zone (NP11/ CNE3), Tribrachiatus orthostylus Zone (NP12/ CNE4), Discoaster lodoensis Zone (NP13/ CNE5), Discoaster sunlodoensis Zone (NP14/ CNE6-CNE8), Nannotetrina fulgens Zone (NP15/ CNE9-CNE11), Discoaster tanii nodifer Zone (NP16/ CNE12-CNE15), Discoaster saipanensis Zone (NP17/ CNE15-CNE16), Chiasmolithus oamaruensis Zone (NP18/ CNE17-CNE18), Isthmolithus recurvus Zone (NP19/ CNE18-CNE19), Sphenolithus pseudoradians Zone (NP20/ CNE20), Ericsonia Subdisticha Zone (NP21/ CNE21-CNO1), Helicosphaera reticulate Zone (NP22/ CNO2), Sphenolithus predistintus Zone (NP23/ CNO3-CNO4). As a result of this study and based on the obtained biozones, the age of Pabdeh Formation in Murdak section, is Late Paleocene (Thanetian) to Oligocene (Rupelian-Chatian).

Background and Objective: Degeneration of neurons in the central nervous system occurs during aging. Transplantation of neural stem cells (NSCs) can be preventing the degeneration of neurons. In addition to neuronal replacement, with the production of neurotrophic factors, increased survival and proliferation of endogenous cells. This study was done to compare the cell proliferation, neurotrophic factors expression and features of NSCs harvested from different areas of the central nervous system in vitro.Materials and Methods: In this laboratory study NSCs have been harvested from subgranular zone (SGZ), subventricular zone (SVZ) and central canal of spinal cord from adult Wistar rats with mechanical, enzymatical digestion and subsequently was cultured in α-MEM medium supplemented with serum as monolayer or adherent conditions and passaged for 13 times. Immunocytochemistry was used to determine expression of the nestin and GFAP markers. Semi-quantitative RT–PCR was used to confirm genes expression (NGF, CNTF, NT3, NT4.5, GDNF and BDNF).Results: Morphological features of stem cells extracted from different regions of the central nervous system were similar in the culture. Doubling time NSCs in the SVZ (37.45 hr) is shorter than in the SGZ (44.04 hr) and central canal of spinal cord (57.22 hr). The culture conditions as well as monolayer neural stem cells are capable of producing neurospheres. Also, nestin and GFAP markers, expressed by NSCs. Neurotrophic gene expression pattern profiles were similar to each other in stem cells extracted from the SGZ, SVZ and central canal of spinal cord.Conclusion: Neurotrophic gene expression in stem cells extracted from different regions of the central nervous system were similar, but proliferation capacity was higher in NSCs, which have been harvested from the SVZ.

Background: Despite the tremendous investigation in the areas of flexor tendon anatomy, biomechanics, nutrition, healing and adhesion formation return of satisfactory digital performance following for the hand surgeons. Methods and Materials: This is a descriptive cross sectional study which investigates the results of primary repair of acute trauma (less than 10 days) to flexor tendons of zone II. After initial exam, the operation was done by an experienced hand surgeon. The operation was done mostly in first 24 hours (primary repair) and in some cases in 10 days (delayed primary repair). All FDP lacerations were repaired with 4/0 nylon modified Kessler core suture and 6/0 nylon circumferential running suture. Post operation mobilization was done by using a dorsal splint in 40 degree wrist flexion and 60 degree metacarpophalengeal flexion and interphalengeal extent ion from finger tips to elbow. Early motion was begun one or two days after operation with modified Kleinert regimen. in children who could not cooperate in motion , long cast was used all patens completed follow up every two weeks for 6 weeks and every three weeks for another 6 weeks . The results were evaluated to buck –gramcko classification system at least 3 months after treatment. The results analyze was done using SPSS software and Kruskal –Wallis and man Whitney tests. Results: The study was done on 37 patients with injured flexor tendons, %67 male and %33 female with average age of 26. The results were excellent in 22 (%37.3) and good in 21 (%35.6 and fair in %20.3 and bad in 4 (%6.8). The most common complications were mild to moderate adhesion (%45) and cold intolerance (%36). Results of tendons repair were better in females than those in males (p value =%0.399). The best result was repair of isolated FDS. Results of repairing both FDP and FDS were the same as repairing FDP and resecting FDS (P value =%0.0006) final results were better in non dominant had (p value =%0.0025). Conclusions: The repair of flexor tendons of zone II has various side effects and demands more and more primary repair measures on the part of an experienced surgeon.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of intravitreal bevacizumab for the treatment of type 1 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in zone I. Methods: Preterm infants with type 1 ROP in zone I (zone I ROP, any stage with plus disease or zone I ROP, stage 3 without plus disease) were enrolled in this prospective study. Intravitreal bevacizumab (0. 625 mg/0. 025 ml) was injected under topical anesthesia. The patients were followed-up weekly for 4 weeks and, then, biweekly till 90 weeks gestational age. Results: Seventy eyes of 35 patients with type 1 ROP in zone I were enrolled. At a gestational age of 90 weeks, ROP regressed with complete or near􀀀 complete peripheral retinal vascularization, in 82. 9% of eyes after a single injection and in 92. 9% of eyes after up to two injections. In 5 eyes (7. 1%), ROP progressed to stage 4B or 5, so that surgical management was required. There were no major complications such as endophthalmitis, cataract, or vitreous hemorrhage after injection. Conclusion: Intravitreal bevacizumab injection is an effective method for the management of patients with Zone I ROP requiring treatment; however, some cases may progress to more advanced stages and require surgical management. Close monitoring for recurrence or progression is necessary. Eyes with persistent zone I ROP may progress to advanced stages when treated with intravitreal bevacizumab injection and re􀀀 treatment may be needed.